Week 4: RNA and Proteins

In this week i am going to show you what is RNA and Proteins and why those two are important. As we know in the lasts weeks, DNA, RNA and proteins have a connection because these three pass trough different process to synthesize proteins that are the results of it. Ribonucleic acid, or RNA is one of the three major biological macro molecules that are essential for all known forms of life (along with DNA and proteins). A central tenet of molecular biology states that the flow of genetic information in a cell is from DNA through RNA to proteins: “DNA makes RNA makes protein”. Proteins are the workhorses of the cell; they play leading roles in the cell as enzymes, as structural components, and in cell signaling, to name just a few. DNA(deoxyribonucleic acid) is considered the “blueprint” of the cell; it carries all of the genetic information required for the cell to grow, to take in nutrients, and to propagate. RNA–in this role–is the “DNA photocopy” of the cell. When the cell needs to produce a certain protein, it activates the protein’s gene–the portion of DNA that codes for that protein–and produces multiple copies of that piece of DNA in the form of messenger RNA, or mRNA. The multiple copies of mRNA are then used to translate the genetic code into protein through the action of the cell’s protein manufacturing machinery, the ribosomes. Thus, RNA expands the quantity of a given protein that can be made at one time from one given gene, and it provides an important control point for regulating when and how much protein gets made.

 In the other side we have proteins, those are large, complex molecules that play many critical roles in the body. They do most of the work in cells and are required for the structure, function, and regulation of the body’s tissues and organs. Proteins are made up of hundreds or thousands of smaller units called amino acids, which are attached to one another in long chains. There are 20 different types of amino acids that can be combined to make a protein. The sequence of amino acids determines each protein’s unique 3-dimensional structure and its specific function. Some proteins are involved in structural support and movement, others in enzymatic activity, and still others in interaction with the outside world. Indeed, the functions of individual proteins are as varied as their unique amino acid sequences and complex three-dimensional physical structures.

Definitions retrivered from: www.rnasociety.org and HHMI(Howard Hudges Medical Institute)

Image retrivered from: www.google.com

Week 3: DNA

"DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms. Nearly every cell in a person’s body has the same DNA. Most DNA is located in the cell nucleus (where it is called nuclear DNA), but a small amount of DNA can also be found in the mitochondria (where it is called mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA)" (2011,Jhonshon). The information in DNA is stored as a code made up of four chemical bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). Human DNA consists of about 3 billion bases, and more than 99 percent of those bases are the same in all people

This bases are one of the characteristics of the DNA. The structure of DNA is a double strand structure. In case of the bases are divided in purines or pirymidines. Two of the five bases in nucleic acids, adenine and guanine, are purines. In DNA, these bases form hydrogen bonds with their complementary pyrimidines thymine and cytosine, respectively. This is called complementary base pairing. in the video we can see al those things described in visual mode,that is more easy to understand it.

Week 2 : Central dogma of biology

Like i said in the first week, biology is the study of all the living organism. This science like all things in the world have a center. When I refer a center  like the main idea of an essay. The central dogma of biology consist in three steps that are easy to learn. These steps are: replication, transcription and traduction . They occur at that same order and we haver three important components of it  that are: DNA, RNA and proteins.

Now lets go more deep about this. In the process of replication is when the DNA replicates itself making and exact copy.Then its turn of the transcription and there is when the DNA change to RNA. Finally we get to the third step in wich occurs traduction that is the process when the proteins are created in the ribosome. This three process are the key when we want to know how the genetics pass by generations and how we can have similar characteristics with our fathers.

Image retrivered from: www.google.com

Week 1: What is biology?

Like i said in my introduction week, I am a biology student and I love this incredible science. If i am going to talk about biology ia have to be sure that you get a clear definition of what The word biology is derived from the greek words /bios/ meaning /life/ and /logos/ meaning /study/ and is defined as the science of life and living organisms. An organism is a living entity consisting of one cell e.g. bacteria, or several cells e.g. animals, plants and fungi.  The biologists are the persons that study the structure, function,growth,origin, evolution and distribution of living organism. The biology consist of so much subfields that study specific things. Some of those subfields are genetics, biochemestry, zoology, botanic, celular biology etc...

Biology is a field that have a very huge importance. I say this because with the biology we can know more about all the things that have life around us. Even better with this science we can study the human body. This is very interesting and important because if you know your body you can manage somethings like sickness and a lot of more things. Thanks to the biology is why now we have a lot of treatments for diseases  that in a moment was mortal for humans. This science is going to continue growing up and giving us more knowledge and solutions. 

Image retrivered from www.google.com